[2025 Guide] AFFF Side Effects, Health Risks, & Cancers

What are the Health Risks of Exposure to AFFF?

Decades of research have established that exposure to AFFF firefighting foam poses significant health risks due to its per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) content.

These chemicals are highly persistent in the environment and human body, leading to long-term health concerns.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have all acknowledged the dangers associated with PFAS exposure.

Studies have linked prolonged contact with AFFF to an increased risk of developing serious illnesses, particularly among military personnel and firefighters who frequently handled the foam.

PFAS compounds accumulate in the bloodstream and vital organs, where they may contribute to systemic health problems over time.

The U.S. military has since restricted the use of PFAS-based AFFF, and federal agencies have strengthened regulatory oversight due to mounting evidence of harm.

Despite these actions, thousands of service members, firefighters, and civilians have already been exposed, raising concerns about long-term medical consequences.

Types of Cancer Linked to Firefighting Foam

Exposure to AFFF firefighting foam has been associated with an increased risk of several types of cancer.

PFAS chemicals accumulate in the body over time, affecting major organs and disrupting normal cellular function.

Studies have shown that individuals with prolonged exposure face a higher likelihood of developing cancer.

Epidemiological research and laboratory studies indicate that PFAS chemicals contribute to cancer development through mechanisms such as hormonal disruption, oxidative stress, and immune system suppression.

While scientific investigations continue, multiple studies have already established strong links between PFAS exposure and several forms of cancer affecting the kidneys, bladder, liver, prostate, and other vital organs.

The following cancers have been repeatedly identified in medical research and AFFF Lawsuits as potential health risks for those exposed to PFAS-contaminated firefighting foam:

• Kidney Cancer – PFAS chemicals accumulate in the kidneys, increasing the risk of malignant tumor formation over time.
• Bladder Cancer – Prolonged PFAS exposure may lead to cellular mutations in the bladder, contributing to cancer development.
• Liver Cancer – The liver filters toxins from the body, and PFAS buildup has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other liver malignancies.
• Testicular Cancer – Research suggests men in PFAS-contaminated areas face an increased risk of developing testicular cancer.
• Colorectal Cancer – PFAS accumulation in the digestive tract may contribute to the development of colorectal cancerous growths.
• Pancreatic Cancer – Studies have linked PFOA exposure to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), a precursor to pancreatic cancer.
• Thyroid Cancer – PFAS chemicals interfere with thyroid hormone production, increasing the risk of cancerous thyroid nodules and dysfunction.

If you’ve received a cancer diagnosis listed above and were exposed to AFFF, you may be eligible to file an AFFF Lawsuit and seek financial compensation.

Reach out to TorHoerman Law today for a free consultation or use the chat feature on this page for an instant case evaluation.

Other Significant Health Risks of AFFF Exposure

PFAS chemicals pose significant health risks apart from cancer.

These persistent chemicals accumulate in the bloodstream and major organs, leading to long-term medical conditions that can affect multiple bodily systems.

Military personnel, firefighters, and others regularly exposed to AFFF face an increased risk of chronic illnesses due to the foam’s widespread use in fire suppression and training exercises.

Research has linked PFAS exposure to immune system suppression, hormonal imbalances, and metabolic disorders, increasing the likelihood of chronic diseases.

PFAS chemicals interfere with liver function, reproductive health, and thyroid regulation, leading to long-term medical complications.

Despite growing awareness of these risks, many exposed individuals continue to suffer from serious health effects linked to AFFF use.

The following health problems have been associated with prolonged exposure to AFFF:

• Immune system dysfunction – Increased risk of infections and autoimmune disorders due to immune suppression.
• Ulcerative Colitis – Exposure to AFFF has been linked to an increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases.
• Thyroid disorders – Hormonal disruption leading to hypothyroidism and thyroid dysfunction.
• Liver damage – PFAS accumulation in the liver, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and abnormal enzyme levels.
• Reproductive issues – Increased infertility rates, pregnancy complications, and developmental concerns in children of exposed individuals.
• Cardiovascular disease – High cholesterol, hypertension, and potential increased risk of heart disease.
• Kidney disease – Chronic kidney damage due to PFAS accumulation in renal tissues.
• Neurological effects – Potential associations with cognitive decline, attention disorders, and neurodevelopmental concerns.

Many health, environmental, and governmental organizations are still conducting studies to better understand the potential risks of PFAS contamination.

Further regulation and action regarding PFAS exposure are being implemented, including by the National Firefighter Registry (NFR).

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) established the NFR in 2018, thanks to the Firefighter Cancer Registry Act.

The NFR seeks to study the correlation between firefighters who were consistently exposed to AFFF and cancer development.

AFFF Side Effects after Exposure

Exposure to AFFF firefighting foam can cause a range of immediate and long-term health effects due to the presence of toxic substances such as PFAS.

Individuals who come into contact with harmful chemicals in AFFF may experience skin irritation, respiratory issues, and abdominal pain, among other symptoms.

While some effects are mild and temporary, prolonged exposure can contribute to serious health issues, potentially leading to long-term organ damage and chronic disease.

Symptoms can vary based on the level of exposure, the toxic substances involved, and individual health factors.

Anyone experiencing these symptoms after AFFF exposure should seek immediate medical attention to assess potential health risks.

Common symptoms of AFFF exposure include:

• Skin irritation – Rashes, redness, and chemical burns from direct contact
• Respiratory issues – Coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation from inhalation
• Abdominal pain – Stomach discomfort, nausea, and digestive issues after ingestion of contaminated water
• Headaches and dizziness – Neurological symptoms associated with PFAS exposure
• Liver and kidney dysfunction – Early signs of potential long-term organ damage
• Hormonal imbalances – Disruptions in thyroid and reproductive hormone levels
• Increased cholesterol levels – A common early indicator of PFAS-related health effects

Significant exposure to AFFF has been linked to a number of serious potential human health risks.

The associated health problems have impacted military personnel, firefighters, and civilians who faced prolonged exposure to PFAS-containing firefighting foam through direct contact, inhalation, and contaminated drinking water.

Skin and Eye Irritation

Contact with AFFF can cause skin irritation, redness, itching, and rashes. In some cases, it may lead to chemical burns. Additionally, AFFF can cause eye irritation, redness, itching, and temporary vision problems if it comes into direct contact with the eyes.

Respiratory Issues and Breathing Difficulties

Difficulty breathing is a common side effect of AFFF exposure.

Inhalation of AFFF foam or its vapors can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions may experience exacerbated symptoms.

Gastrointestinal Problems

Ingesting AFFF-contaminated water or food can result in gastrointestinal problems, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

These symptoms may persist briefly or become chronic with prolonged exposure.

Those who have ingested AFFF must seek medical attention immediately if these side effects occur, as AFFF may cause internal damage.

Neurological Symptoms

Some individuals exposed to AFFF may experience neurological symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, confusion, memory loss, and difficulty concentrating.

These symptoms may affect daily functioning and quality of life.

More severe neurological issues may persist depending on the duration and severity of exposure.

Who Has Been Exposed to AFFF?

Since its development in the 1960s by 3M and the U.S. Navy, Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) has been widely used for fire suppression involving jet fuel, gasoline, and other flammable liquids.

The military, municipal fire departments, airports, and industrial facilities relied on AFFF for decades, leading to widespread exposure among firefighters, military personnel, and civilians.

Navy ships, aircraft carriers, and military bases were heavily equipped with AFFF fire suppression systems, routinely exposing service members during emergency responses, training exercises, and even routine maintenance.

Firefighters in both military and civilian settings handled AFFF frequently, applying it directly to fires or using it in live burn training exercises without adequate protective measures.

Over time, accidental spills, leaks, and disposal of AFFF contaminated groundwater and drinking water, affecting entire communities living near military bases and firefighting training sites.

Research has shown that exposure occurs through direct skin contact, inhalation of aerosolized foam, ingestion of PFAS-contaminated water, and prolonged environmental contamination.

Due to AFFF’s extensive use across industries and locations, thousands of individuals may have unknowingly been exposed to PFAS chemicals for years.

Those most at risk of long-term health effects from AFFF exposure include:

• Military Firefighters and Military Personnel
• Firefighters and First Responders
• Airport and Industrial Workers
• Communities Near Areas with High AFFF Usage (military bases, airports, etc.)

Military Firefighters and Personnel

According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), the U.S. military helped develop aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) in the 1960s.

Since then, military bases have been using toxic firefighting foam products for firefighting training exercises and operations.

Military firefighters and other military personnel exposed to AFFF during their service may be at an increased risk of developing associated health problems.

Firefighters and First Responders

Civilian firefighters and first responders are frequently exposed to AFFF during firefighting and emergency response activities.

Even though they wear personal protective equipment and follow safety protocols, they are still at risk.

Repeated and prolonged occupational exposure to AFFF can lead to severe health complications.

Airport and Industrial Workers

AFFF is commonly used in airports and industrial settings to combat fuel-based fires.

Workers in these environments, including aircraft rescue and firefighting personnel and industrial firefighters, may face significant exposure to AFFF and its toxic chemicals.

These individuals should take the necessary safety precautions while working in these settings.

Communities Near Areas With High AFFF Usage

Residents living near areas with high AFFF usage may experience indirect exposure through contaminated water sources or environmental contamination.

PFAS contamination has been detected at over 700 U.S. military installations, raising significant environmental and health concerns.

The primary source of this contamination is the extensive use of AFFF.

The Department of Defense has identified 455 sites with confirmed PFAS contamination and is investigating an additional 255 sites for potential exposure.

This widespread contamination not only affects military personnel but also extends to airport and industrial workers who have been exposed to these dangerous chemicals through occupational activities.

Communities surrounding these installations face elevated health risks, including various cancers and immune system disorders, due to PFAS leaching into soil and groundwater.

Our law firm is actively investigating claims from individuals who consumed or were otherwise exposed to PFAS contamination at military bases across the United States.

Reach out to our law firm for more information on the PFAS Military Lawsuits.

Locations of concern may also include fire training facilities, airports, chemical plants, and industrial sites.

PFAS contamination in these areas occurs when the foam enters water sources like rivers, lakes, and groundwater or is released into the air.

Do You Qualify for the Firefighting Foam Lawsuit?

Studies have linked prolonged exposure to an elevated likelihood of developing testicular cancer, kidney cancer, thyroid disease, and other serious conditions.

Veterans who served on Navy ships, aircraft carriers, or military bases where AFFF was frequently used may qualify to file a claim.

Lawsuits aim to hold AFFF manufacturers accountable for failing to warn about the risks associated with these harmful substances.

If you or a loved one were exposed to AFFF and subsequently developed cancer or other serious health problems, you may be eligible to file an AFFF Lawsuit and seek compensation.

Contact the AFFF Lawyers are TorHoerman Law for a free consultation.

You can also use the chat feature on this page to find out if you qualify to file an AFFF Lawsuit instantly.

AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawyers will help you throughout the legal process, gathering evidence to build your case and assessing damages to make sure that adequate compensation is secured.

Gathering Evidence for an AFFF Lawsuit

Strong evidence is crucial in proving exposure to AFFF and linking it to PFAS-related health conditions.

Plaintiffs must demonstrate that they worked with or were exposed to AFFF firefighting foam and later developed serious illnesses, such as kidney cancer, testicular cancer, or thyroid disease.

Gathering detailed records, medical diagnoses, and expert opinions can help establish liability and strengthen a legal claim against AFFF manufacturers.

Your attorney will help you with this step.

Evidence in an AFFF Lawsuit may include:

• Military service records – Documenting assignments at bases or ships where AFFF was used
• Employment records – Verifying firefighting or industrial work involving AFFF exposure
• Medical records – Diagnosing PFAS-related illnesses, such as developing testicular cancer or kidney disease
• Environmental reports – Confirming PFAS contamination at military bases or nearby water sources
• Witness statements – Colleagues or supervisors who can attest to AFFF use and exposure
• Expert testimony – Medical and scientific professionals connecting exposure to health conditions
• VA disability claims or benefits – Supporting documentation for military veterans affected by AFFF exposure

Damages in AFFF Lawsuits

Damages in a lawsuit refer to the financial compensation awarded to plaintiffs for the harm they have suffered due to another party’s negligence.

In AFFF lawsuits, damages may cover medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other financial and emotional losses related to PFAS exposure.

An experienced AFFF lawyer will assess the full impact of your illness and advocate for maximum compensation.

Damages in AFFF Lawsuits may include:

• Medical expenses – Past and future costs for cancer treatment, surgeries, and ongoing care
• Lost wages and loss of earning capacity – Compensation for time missed at work and reduced ability to earn income
• Pain and suffering – Damages for physical pain, emotional distress, and reduced quality of life
• Wrongful death compensation – Support for families of individuals who died due to AFFF-related illnesses
• Disability and rehabilitation costs – Expenses for therapy, long-term care, and adaptive equipment

TorHoerman Law: Your AFFF Firefighting Foam Lawyers

Exposure to aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) can have severe health consequences, including an increased risk of cancer and other related illnesses.

If you have been exposed to AFFF and developed cancer or other health issues, you may be eligible to file an AFFF Lawsuit.

Contact TorHoerman Law today for a free consultation.

You can also use the chatbot on this page to find out if you qualify for the firefighting foam cancer lawsuit instantly.

Our expert AFFF lawyers understand the importance of seeking justice and we promise fight for your legal rights.

We understand the complexities of firefighting foam cancer lawsuits and can provide reliable advice and representation throughout the legal process.

Reach out to us for more information.

TorHoerman Law: Your Firefighting Foam Attorney